Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide that provides powerful metabolic regulation for obesity and diabetes. Marketed as Mounjaro and Zepbound, it outperforms GLP-1 monotherapies in weight loss and glycemic control, and is under ongoing investigation for cardiometabolic risk reduction.

• Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonism
• Enhances insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon
• Delays gastric emptying and reduces appetite
• Modulates hypothalamic satiety signaling

• unit: mg

  low dose: 2.5

  frequency: Once weekly

  high dose: 15

  administration route: Subcutaneous (SQ)

• Start with 2.5mg once weekly for 4 weeks, then increase to 5mg once weekly for 4 weeks. Continue increasing by 2.5mg every 4 weeks until reaching the maximum dose of 15mg once weekly or the maximum tolerated dose.

common: ["Nausea, diarrhea (39–49% dose-dependent), vomiting, decreased appetite","Headache, fatigue"]

warnings: ["Hypoglycemia (14–19% of users)","Pancreatitis risk (FDA flagged)","37,800+ adverse event reports in FDA FAERS database"]

sequence: YAEGTFTSDYSIAMDKIHQQDFVNWLLAQKGKKNDWKHNITQ

half life: 5–6 days

degradation: Proteolytic metabolism; renal and hepatic clearance

molecular weight: 4812.51

molecular formula: C225H348N48O68

tissue specificity: Pancreatic beta cells, hypothalamus, GI tract, liver, adipose tissue

• Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1): phase 3 trial.clinicalPMID 34186022 ↗
• Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist.mechanismPMID 32730231 ↗
• Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for type 2 diabetes.reviewPMID 36050763 ↗